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Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner is currently Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and an adjunct professor of neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine. He is also the originator of the idea of Multiple Intelligence which has influenced many educators and their method of teaching. Howard Gardner first published his theory on Multiple Intelligences in his book Frames of Mind in 1983. In a time when the average teacher divided the students into ‘good with numbers’ and ‘good with words’ groups and taught accordingly, Gardner stated that students can be smart in seven special ways. The following are the seven original groups of different intelligence categories Gardner suggested: • Linguistic intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals. This intelligence includes the ability to effectively use language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically; and language as a means to remember information. Writers, poets, lawyers and speakers are among those that Howard Gardner sees as having high linguistic intelligence. • Logical-mathematical intelligence consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. In Howard Gardner's words, it entails the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically. This intelligence is most often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking. • Musical intelligence involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. It encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms. According to Howard Gardner musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence. • Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails the potential of using one's whole body or parts of the body to solve problems. It is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements. Howard Gardner sees mental and physical activity as related. • Spatial intelligence involves the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas. • Interpersonal intelligence is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people. It allows people to work effectively with others. Educators, salespeople, religious and political leaders and counselors all need a well-developed interpersonal intelligence. • Intrapersonal intelligence entails the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and motivations. In Howard Gardner's view it involves having an effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to use such information to regulate our lives. As Gardner continued his research into multiple intelligences and revised and published new books on the subject, he added the following two additional intelligences to his original seven. • Naturalistic intelligence is the ability to distinguish and categorize objects or phenomena in nature. The ideal vocation of this type of learner could be in fields such as zoology. • Existential intelligence is the ability to contemplate phenomena or questions beyond sensory data, such as the infinite and infinitesimal. Such learners could be ideally suited to become cosmologists or philosophers. Gardner, along with many others in the education, psychology and social sciences fields are continuing to research the way we learn. As the research continues and more information about the way we learn becomes available, teachers will be able to utilize that information to better teach the students.
Howard Gardner is currently Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and an adjunct professor of neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine. He is also the originator of the idea of Multiple Intelligence which has influenced many educators and their method of teaching. Howard Gardner first published his theory on Multiple Intelligences in his book Frames of Mind in 1983. In a time when the average teacher divided the students into ‘good with numbers’ and ‘good with words’ groups and taught accordingly, Gardner stated that students can be smart in seven special ways. The following are the seven original groups of different intelligence categories Gardner suggested: • Linguistic intelligence involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals. This intelligence includes the ability to effectively use language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically; and language as a means to remember information. Writers, poets, lawyers and speakers are among those that Howard Gardner sees as having high linguistic intelligence. • Logical-mathematical intelligence consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. In Howard Gardner's words, it entails the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically. This intelligence is most often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking. • Musical intelligence involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. It encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms. According to Howard Gardner musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence. • Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails the potential of using one's whole body or parts of the body to solve problems. It is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements. Howard Gardner sees mental and physical activity as related. • Spatial intelligence involves the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas. • Interpersonal intelligence is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people. It allows people to work effectively with others. Educators, salespeople, religious and political leaders and counselors all need a well-developed interpersonal intelligence. • Intrapersonal intelligence entails the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and motivations. In Howard Gardner's view it involves having an effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to use such information to regulate our lives. As Gardner continued his research into multiple intelligences and revised and published new books on the subject, he added the following two additional intelligences to his original seven. • Naturalistic intelligence is the ability to distinguish and categorize objects or phenomena in nature. The ideal vocation of this type of learner could be in fields such as zoology. • Existential intelligence is the ability to contemplate phenomena or questions beyond sensory data, such as the infinite and infinitesimal. Such learners could be ideally suited to become cosmologists or philosophers. Gardner, along with many others in the education, psychology and social sciences fields are continuing to research the way we learn. As the research continues and more information about the way we learn becomes available, teachers will be able to utilize that information to better teach the students.
